As columns were casted initially, they manpower team placed the dowels for lintels with adequate Development length (Ld) inside the column and caster the concrete. Later, while constructing the masonry, they casted the lintel by lapping the bars with the projected dowels. Is this the good practice sir?
I often get these kinds of structural questions from Civil and site Engineers. The fact is civil site and structural engineering are inseparable. As I often write and say, site engineering is application of structural engineering. Both compliments each other. If a site engineer knows basics of structural engineering, the site engineer can perform better in the site role. You enjoy and appreciates what you do in site. This helps you as an engineer. This also helps the project as you add value to the project. If you don’t know structures, you will be blindly executing what is in drawing even without knowing or missing out a mistake done by the Structural Engineer. Coming to the question, this is not a good practice in any beams. Not just that it is not a good practice, it is a wrong practice to lap reinforcement closer to support or inside a junction. The same is true for even column rebars. No reinforcement shall be lapped inside a joint or near a joint. For beams, the lap shall be away from the column beam junction. The reason is that, the seismic forces are inertial forces and the thrust will be at the column beam junctions. The laps can open up if closer to any joint. You can read more about this in my blog here.
Many consultants ignore lintel as part of the structure and don't account it in the frame action. When they do this, lintel is considered as a beam taking only the gravity load. That is, the load of the wall coming on top of the lintel alone. This is not a correct practice. In reality, the lintel if connected to columns will act as part of the frame. During earth quake, it will behave as a beam and the detailing matters. A lintel even creates a short column effect and can generate undesirable forces in the column and hence needs to be detailed properly. You can read more about short column effects here.
Hope this answers your question about reinforcement laps.
You can read more about similar rebar lap here.
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